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What (who) is 4Pi microscope - definition
4Pi microscope
MICROSCOPE THAT USES INTERFERENCE AND FLUORESCENCE COMPUTERS
4Pi microscopy; 4Pi Microscope; 4pi microscopy; 4pi Microscopy; 4Pi Microscopy; 4pi microscope; 4pi Microscope; 4pi microscopes; 4Pi microscopes; 4pi Microscopes; 4Pi Microscopes
A 4Pi microscope is a laser scanning fluorescence microscope with an improved axial resolution. With it the typical range of the axial resolution of 500–700 nm can be improved to 100–150 nm, which corresponds to an almost spherical focal spot with 5–7 times less volume than that of standard confocal microscopy.
Optical microscope
![A miniature [[USB microscope]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2008Computex DnI Award AnMo Dino-Lite Digital Microscope.jpg?width=200 "A miniature [[USB microscope]].")
![The diffraction limit set in stone on a monument for [[Ernst Abbe]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst-Abbe-Denkmal Jena Fürstengraben - 20140802 125709.jpg?width=200 "The diffraction limit set in stone on a monument for [[Ernst Abbe]].")
![Two Leica [[oil immersion]] microscope objective lenses: 100× (left) and 40× (right)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leica EpifluorescenceMicroscope ObjectiveLens.jpg?width=200 "Two Leica [[oil immersion]] microscope objective lenses: 100× (left) and 40× (right)")
![A 40x magnification image of cells in a medical [[smear test]] taken through an optical microscope using a [[wet mount]] technique, placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vaginal wet mount of candidal vulvovaginitis.jpg?width=200 "A 40x magnification image of cells in a medical [[smear test]] taken through an optical microscope using a [[wet mount]] technique, placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution")
![Bright field]] illumination, sample contrast comes from [[absorbance]] of light in the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Bright.png?width=200 "Bright field]] illumination, sample contrast comes from [[absorbance]] of light in the sample.")
![polarized]] light through the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Cross-Polarised.png?width=200 "polarized]] light through the sample.")
![scattered]] by the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Dark.png?width=200 "scattered]] by the sample.")
![interference]] of different path lengths of light through the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Phase.png?width=200 "interference]] of different path lengths of light through the sample.")
MICROSCOPE THAT USES VISIBLE LIGHT
Compound microscope; Simple microscope; Light microscope; Optical microscopy; Optical Microscope; Student microscope; Compound light microscope; Optical Microscopy; Optical light microscope; Transmitted light microscope; Visible light microscope; Optic microscopy; Alternatives to optical microscopes; History of optical microscopes; History of the optical microscope; Optical microscopes; Light microscopes
The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.
Scanning tunneling microscope
![A large STM setup at the [[London Centre for Nanotechnology]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/STM at the London Centre for Nanotechnology.jpg?width=200 "A large STM setup at the [[London Centre for Nanotechnology]]")
![A 1986 STM from the collection of [[Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Scanning tunneling microscope-MHS 2237-IMG 3819.JPG?width=200 "A 1986 STM from the collection of [[Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève]]")
 250 nm by 250 nm image of one-atom-thick silver islands grown on palladium (111) surface.png?width=200 "One-atom-thick silver islands grown on terraces of the (111) surface of palladium. Image size is 250 nm by 250 nm.")
![A 7 nm long part of a single-walled [[carbon nanotube]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chiraltube.png?width=200 "A 7 nm long part of a single-walled [[carbon nanotube]].")
![Atoms on the surface of a crystal of [[silicon carbide]] (SiC) are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and are 0.3 nm apart.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Silicium-atomes.png?width=200 "Atoms on the surface of a crystal of [[silicon carbide]] (SiC) are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and are 0.3 nm apart.")
![STM nanomanipulation of PTCDA molecules on [[graphite]] to inscribe the logo of the [[Center for NanoScience]] (CeNS), Munich.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cens nanomanipulation3d Trixler.jpg?width=200 "STM nanomanipulation of PTCDA molecules on [[graphite]] to inscribe the logo of the [[Center for NanoScience]] (CeNS), Munich.")
A MICROSCOPE USED FOR LOOKING AT ATOMS.
Electron tunnel microscopy; Scanning tunneling; Scanning Tunneling Microscope; Scanning tunneling microscopy; Scanning tunnelling microscope; Scanning tunnelling microscopy; Microscopy, scanning tunneling; Scanning-tunneling microscope; Scanning Tunneling Microscopy; STM microscope; Josephson tunneling microscope
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, then at IBM Zürich, the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986.
